DasuRaputa

Position: Commander

Joined: 2019-04-19

Stats
GM X
GM VIII
GM VI
Company statistics
Team statistics
Skirmishes statistics
Stronghold statistics
Share
Other

Overall Stats

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	3362		0		0		0
Ø Tier	6,35		0,00		0,00		0,00
Victories	1853	55,12%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	1463	43,52%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	46	1,37%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	788	23,44%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	2931	0,87	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	1,14		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	6040	1,80	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	828,93		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	1237	0,37	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	1468	0,44	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	513,53		0,00		0,00		0,00
WN7	1249,87		0,00		0,00		0,00
WN8	1679,09		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	3362
Ø Tier	6,35
Victories	1853	55,12%
Defeats	1463	43,52%
Draws	46	1,37%
Battles survived	788	23,44%
Tanks destroyed	2931	0,87
Destruction ratio	1,14
Tanks spotted	6040	1,80
Damage dealt	828,93
Capture points	1237	0,37
Defense points	1468	0,44
Experience	513,53
WN7	1249,87
WN8	1679,09

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Created at:

Last battle:

Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	15		0		0		0
Victories	7	46,67%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	7	46,67%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	1	6,67%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	7	46,67%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	5	0,33	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,63		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	26	1,73	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	758,67		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	76	5,07	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	14	0,93	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	347,67		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	15
Victories	7	46,67%
Defeats	7	46,67%
Draws	1	6,67%
Battles survived	7	46,67%
Tanks destroyed	5	0,33
Destruction ratio	0,63
Tanks spotted	26	1,73
Damage dealt	758,67
Capture points	76	5,07
Defense points	14	0,93
Experience	347,67

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Company statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Team statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	74		0		0		0
Victories	38	51,35%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	36	48,65%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	35	47,30%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	49	0,66	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	1,26		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	111	1,50	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	1.167,22		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	231	3,12	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	408	5,51	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	628,42		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	74
Victories	38	51,35%
Defeats	36	48,65%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	35	47,30%
Tanks destroyed	49	0,66
Destruction ratio	1,26
Tanks spotted	111	1,50
Damage dealt	1.167,22
Capture points	231	3,12
Defense points	408	5,51
Experience	628,42

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Skirmishes statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	25		0		0		0
Victories	7	28,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	16	64,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	2	8,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	9	36,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	15	0,60	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,94		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	34	1,36	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	916,12		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	287,92		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	25
Victories	7	28,00%
Defeats	16	64,00%
Draws	2	8,00%
Battles survived	9	36,00%
Tanks destroyed	15	0,60
Destruction ratio	0,94
Tanks spotted	34	1,36
Damage dealt	916,12
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	287,92

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Stronghold defense statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	1		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	1	100,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	614,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	146,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	1
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	1	100,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	614,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	146,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

World of Tanks Profile

Anzeigen

Tanks (72)

Tank Name	Tier	Ø Damage	Ø XP	Battles	Victories	WN8
Spähpanzer Ru 251	9	979,59	557	333	52,55%	1522,92
HWK 12	8	938,72	589	307	59,28%	1928,64
VK 100.01 (P)	8	1225,49	548	177	46,89%	1331,30
Spähpanzer SP I C	7	827,62	515	141	60,99%	1925,02
O-Ni	7	1176,02	554	138	52,17%	1656,17
Type 5 Chi-Ri	7	1018,21	536	128	57,03%	1787,16
Type T-34	5	932,26	565	122	54,10%	3238,78
VK 30.01 (P)	6	782,78	510	118	50,00%	1506,35
O-I	6	854,85	473	115	61,74%	1682,13
VK 28.01	6	604,41	617	112	64,29%	2233,81
Tiger (P)	7	953,78	528	104	58,65%	1294,97
Rheinmetall Panzerwagen	10	1065,80	470	80	31,25%	988,44
Jagdpanther	7	1255,11	622	76	61,84%	1948,12
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. H	5	630,71	593	76	59,21%	1948,77
Type 4 Chi-To	6	771,49	489	72	58,33%	1630,53
Jagdpanzer IV	6	1015,54	496	65	56,92%	2251,23
Type 3 Chi-Nu Kai	5	628,08	653	61	70,49%	1973,80
VK 16.02 Leopard	5	569,38	587	60	51,67%	2133,03
Grille	5	598,73	423	59	55,93%	1443,90
Hummel	6	878,96	431	55	47,27%	1347,40
O-I Experimental	5	643,28	463	53	67,92%	1448,56
Type 58	6	1091,22	555	49	48,98%	2496,87
Mäuschen	9	1559,96	648	48	47,92%	1298,63
Type 3 Chi-Nu	5	476,62	351	47	57,45%	1336,06
Pz.Kpfw. 38 (t) n.A.	4	283,98	457	45	53,33%	937,14
Pz.Kpfw. II Luchs	4	375,09	554	43	62,79%	1535,97
SU-76G FT	4	437,62	430	42	61,90%	1056,46
StuG III Ausf. G	5	760,76	465	42	50,00%	1925,29
Pz.Kpfw. I Ausf. C	3	318,34	460	38	50,00%	1805,22
Lago	4	389,91	340	33	57,58%	1441,03
VK 30.01 (H)	5	948,03	575	32	59,38%	2571,11
Type 95 Heavy	4	394,94	292	31	48,39%	1467,46
Strv m/42	5	512,81	378	31	67,74%	1529,89
60G FT	5	513,34	296	29	48,28%	1091,30
Sturmpanzer II	4	364,61	408	28	60,71%	1295,41
STA-1	8	1242,48	621	27	44,44%	1661,38
Type 1 Chi-He	4	538,46	380	24	45,83%	2182,17
M5A1 Stuart	4	403,61	403	23	69,57%	1953,32
Excelsior	5	665,68	699	22	59,09%	1477,65
T-28	4	762,19	453	21	52,38%	2888,51
M15/42	3	257,33	209	18	38,89%	571,73
O-Ho	8	1323,88	576	16	37,50%	1298,13
P26/40	4	451,00	362	14	57,14%	1291,69
Sturmpanzer I Bison	3	234,43	306	14	50,00%	783,40
M3G FT	3	361,86	371	14	50,00%	1177,21
Jagdpanzer 38(t) Hetzer	4	520,00	362	13	53,85%	1587,91
MTLS-1G14	3	422,08	398	12	41,67%	2089,34
Type 97 Chi-Ha	3	245,00	285	11	54,55%	773,23
MKA	2	300,45	320	11	54,55%	1307,87
Strv m/40L	3	231,18	320	11	54,55%	756,81
StuG IV	5	474,60	209	10	10,00%	1027,97
T40	4	437,70	348	10	70,00%	1396,54
G.Pz. Mk. VI (e)	2	64,80	138	10	50,00%	217,33
Pz.Kpfw. 38 (t)	3	392,78	431	9	33,33%	1466,87
Type 91 Heavy	3	326,78	282	9	66,67%	1361,35
Marder II	3	319,88	203	8	50,00%	946,41
leKpz M 41 90 mm	8	835,88	447	8	50,00%	1610,78
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. J	4	567,71	445	7	57,14%	2316,62
Type 2597 Chi-Ha	3	399,14	388	7	71,43%	1887,28
Chi-Ni	2	152,33	351	6	66,67%	803,66
Pz.Kpfw. I	2	93,83	318	6	66,67%	395,63
Matilda IV	5	578,40	722	5	80,00%	1905,36
Ferdinand	8	1066,20	365	5	20,00%	703,33
Type 89 I-Go/Chi-Ro	2	129,25	158	4	25,00%	344,02
Löwe	8	1005,75	592	4	75,00%	1032,77
L6/40	2	197,00	362	3	100,00%	820,08
T56 GMC	3	254,33	190	3	33,33%	695,31
T-26G FT	2	51,67	190	3	66,67%	220,84
Panzerjäger I	2	161,00	302	1	100,00%	729,25
Strv m/38	2	272,00	506	1	100,00%	1248,53
Kolohousenka	1	0,00	53	1	0,00%	0,00
T-127	3	353,00	250	1	0,00%	1250,59

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history

[H_O_J] Hand of Justice

Position: Commander

Joined: 2019-04-19

[H_O_J] Hand of Justice

Position: Private

Joined: 2018-06-08

Left: 2018-08-19

[H_O_J] Hand of Justice

Position: Recruitment officer

Joined: 2018-10-07

Left: 2019-01-19

[HANKA] Hanka i masz rozkmine

Position: Recruitment officer

Joined: 2019-03-08

Left: 2019-04-17

DasuRaputa

Overall Stats

Globalmap Absolute X

Globalmap Champion VIII

Globalmap Middle VI

Company statistics

Team statistics

Skirmishes statistics

Stronghold defense statistics

Share

Tanks (72)

Graphs

WN8

Clan history